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(No Model.) B. R. KNOWLES.

ELECTRIC LAMP.

No. 288,346. n Patented'Nov. 13, 1883. I /"E D' 6- O 0 Q 7 8 6 I J /c Fd.

0 I ll WITNESSES: I l INVBNTOR r BY ATTORNEY N. PETERS. Piwwmm n hunWasllmgtnn, D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD R. KNOWLES, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSI GNOR OF ONE- HALF TOBYRON A. BROOKS, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC LAM P.-

EPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 288,346, dated November13, 1883.

Application filed July 13, 1882. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD R. KNOWLES, of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Electric Lamps, of which the following is a descriptionin such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any oneskilled in the art to which my invention appertains or with which it ismost nearly connected to make and use the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in

- which- Figure 1 is a vertical section through a completed lamp havingmy improvements applied thereto, and Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are parts indetail, to be hereinafter described.

My invention consists of certain mechanical improvements in theconstruction of the lamp and in the application of the circuits thereto.

The construction of thelamp and its machinerylwill be readily understoodfrom the following description, and the points of novelty constitutingmy improvements will be designated in the clai ms concluding thisspecification.

Reference being had to the drawings, A and A are two electro-ma'gnetsmounted on the 1 frame E. The magnet A is divided into secnet ofProfessor Henry.

" the convolutions do not fill all the space-stock the same as if woundwith a fine wire 5 but by takingra number of small wires the sum ofwhose areas equals that of a given coarse wire, and winding each one onseparately, and then connecting their ends as described, a much greaternumber of convolutions can be put over the magnet, while the total metalarea will be the same, so that a much greater magnetic effect can beobtained by this arrangeinent of fine wire than by the ordinary windingwith coarse wire. This magnet as such is not new; but by combining it inthe lighting-circuit of an electric lamp, to work itsma chinery, a muchsmaller magnet can be used, while at the same time much greater magneticforce can be obtained and the resistance of the circuit materiallydecreased.

The magnet A is wound with very fine wire, and the two magnets A and Aare connected, so that a differential action is set up, the magnetism ofA pulling against the magnetism of A, the two being so connected incircuit that about one per cent. of the current passes through A and allthe rest through A.

G is a rocking lever, connected at its ends to the movable magnet-coresB and B by pins P and 1 passing through oblong holes J and J, made inthe ends of the lever. Said lever is also pivoted to the frame E at 1?through an oblong hole, J, in said lever. The ends of this lever embracethe ends of the coresB and MB, and through it the rod D also passes, as

shown in Fig. 4.

D is a rod that carries the uppencarbon holder H and carbons 0, held bymeans of screw S. The rod D passes through long cylindrical bearings HH, forming part of the frame E, and also through the lever G, as abovedescribed. 1

Pivoted in the lever G at P is a clutch-la ver, F, the end of whichcarries a hollow receptacle, M, supplied with mercury, the amount ofwhich can be adjusted to the weight re quired on the lever, the end ofthe lever being preventedfrom rising up above the lever G by a stop, 9,in the manner shown. S is a set screw, against which the weight M abutswhen the lamp is not in action, the object of which is to release therod D from the clutch-lever F the moment the circuit is disrupted. Theobject of this arrangement of the lever G with the magnet-cores B and Band the other 0011- necting parts is to work or operate the uppercarbon, as will be hereinafter explained. Modifications of substantiallythe same combination of devices for the same purpose are shown by Figs.5, 6, and 7 of the drawings.

S and S are two adjustable contact-points insulated from E and G, andtipped with platinum 5 and 6.

In the top of the lamp-case K is inserted a too tube, U, in the top ofwhich a ring, R, is i serted, by which the lamp is suspended. Inside ofthe tube U a weight, V, is placed in the form of a ring, and made toembrace the rod D. This weight is arranged to slide freely up and downin the tube and upon the rod, to which it is attached, by means of cordsor chains 0 O, passing over pulleys 7 and 8, the object of the weightbeing to counterbalance the weight of the rod D. By thesemeans much lessmagnetic force is made necessary to operate the upper electrode and itsholder, for its weight being balanced by the weight V, a very smallmagnet is all that is necessary to I operate it.

The frame E, that carries the magnets A and A and the rocking lever G,is secured to the frame L by the screws S S. To the upper-carbon holderH is attached a catch-hook, 11, and to the lower side of the lamp-frameL is bolted or fixed a bracket, 10, onto which the hook 11 catcheswhenthe rod D is shoved up, and by which the electrodes are kept apart whenthe lamp is not in use.

lhe base M of the lamp is connected to the frame L by means of rods R R,insulated at l, I, and I. In the base-piece M are set two circularplates, 0 and 1?, having shoulders, as shown. The plate P is seteccentrically in O, and O is set centrally in M, the two being held .bya plate, N, and screws Z Z. The tube R,

. carrying the lower-earbon holder H and carbon O, is set centrally inthe plate 0, and on the under side of these plates 0 and P areprojecting pins 15 t, to which a wrench can be applied to adjust theplates with reference to each other. By means of this device the lowercarbon, C, can be adjusted to center exactly under the upper carbon. Thearrangement is fully shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The tube R is of coursefastened in the plate P, and. swings with it in the plate 0, the twoplates being adjustable with reference to each other, by which thecarbon point is brought in its proper position.

The glass globe G is held by a plate, Q, slipped on the tube R, and heldby a setscrew,

S, the stopper T being removable to allow the plate to be slipped ontothe tube in the manner shown. By these means the globe can be adjustedover the carbons to the desired position, and can be readily removed totake out one carbon and put in another.

The electrical connections are as follows: The main-circuit conductorcomes to the binding-posts p p. The current enters at the lpoints anddivides, one part passing through magnet A to E, rod D, carbons 0, baseM, rod B, wire Z, to point at p, the other parts going through X,contact-points Sand X, to magnet A, through magnet A and X to the pointthrough Z and Y, thus making two closed circuits-one through magnet Aand the lamp, the other through magnet A and the terminal of the lamp,the magnet A being cut out when the lamp is not in action by thecontact-points S and S, which takes place the instant the circuit in themagnet A is broken, by which the core B is released and the lever Gdropped, by which the point S is brought in contact with the point S,shortcircuiting both the lamp and magnet A.

The action of the lamp is as follows: The current enters at the pointand divides, part going through and energizing the magnet A, thencethrough the carbons and R to the side. This causes the magnet Ato drawin the core B and lift the lever G. As G is lifted, the weight M causesthe lever F to fall and clutch the rod D between the cam e and thesideof the hole in G, and as the core B continues to lift the rod D,held by the camlever F, the carbon points are separated and the areestablished. The other part of the current passes to S, through the coilof the magnet A, through wire X, contact S wire Y and Z, to point, thusalso energizing the magnet A, which tends to pull in the core B 5 but asA is of very low resistance and A of very high resistance, the magnetismof a A overcomes that of A, and the lever G is lifted against the pullof the latter magnet. Before the lever G is lifted the current isshort-circuited around the magnet A of the contactpoints S and S"; butas soon as thelever G is lifted by the core B the contact between thepoints S and S is broken, and the current passes through the coil of themagnet A, thus decreasing the magnetism of A, while that of A increases,thus varying the pull on the lever G, which gradually falls until theweight M comes in contact with the set-screw S", by

which the cam cis made to release the rod D,

and allow it to fall sufficiently to re-establish the proper length ofarc. The lever e is then again instantly raised, and the cam clutchesand holds the rod as before. All of these movements are of coursegradual, so that the rod G really continually falls slowly as fast asthe carbons are consumed.

, In case it is desired at any time to out a lamp out of circuit, theupper-carbon rod D is pushed up until the hook 11 catches 011 thebracket 10, by which the-circuit is disrupted, the current then goingthrough the contactpoints around the magnet A to the next lamp incircuit.

Having thus described my several improvements in arc-lights, I claim anddesire to secure by Letters Patent the following claims:

1. In an are electric lamp, the combination, with the upper-carbon rod,of a rocking lever, G, two moving magnet cores, B and B, a weightedcam-lever, F, contact-points S and S, and differential magnets A and A,electrically connected in circuit, and coacting, substantially asdescribed, to govern the operation of the lamp.

2. In an are electric lamp, the combination connected in the circuit ofthe lamp, combined with moving magnet-cores and a rocking lever havingelongated pivot-holes P l? P, and clutch F, common to' both of them, andalso with the upper-carbon rod,for the purpose of operating the same. at

3. In an are electric lamp, the combination, with the upper-carbon rod,of a rocking lever embracing said-rod, and holding a cam-lever impingingagainst it, and a positive weight upon said cam-lever, the weight andcamlever coacting with the embracing-lever to hold and feed-the rod, asdescribed.

4:. In an are electric lamp, the combination, with the lower-carbon rodor holder, of adjusting-pieces O P,having shoulders, and one being seteccentrically in the other in the base a of the lamp, for the purpose ofcentering the 5. In an are electric lamp, the combination, I

with the lower-carbon rod, of a tubular holder and an adjustableglobe-holder, Q, clamped to the said tubular holder below the lampframe,by meansof which the globe is readily slid up and down or removed tofacilitate the placing of the carbons.

6. In an arc electriclamp, the upper-carbon rod orholderD, providedwithabracket, 11, and a hook, 10, to engage in said bracket, in combinationwith differential magnets A and A, magnet-cores l3 and B, lever G, andcontactpoints 8' and S, connected in the circuits of an electric lamp,substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

EDWARD R. KNOWLES.

\Vitnesses:

AMos BROAIDNAX, WM. H. BROADNAX.

